Showing posts with label Cardiac Arrest. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Cardiac Arrest. Show all posts

Friday, February 13, 2009

To Die at the Beach

Some say the people come to the beach to die, and maybe there’s some truth to that. Partly, I think it’s because of the demographic at the beach. Many retirees want to spend their retirement at the ocean shore—it’s gorgeous here and I don’t blame them. However, we do have a high number of those that choose to end their lives at the beach, many from the valley that have specifically chosen the ocean to be their final memories.

When I was a First Responder some 7 years ago, one of the first cardiac arrests that I worked on was a surfer at a place we call The Cove. It’s a popular place in Oregon to surf, but also very dangerous since the shoreline is large, boulderous rock, large drift wood, and smaller, wave worn stones. This
surfer had been found by others in the water to be floating face down, being tossed by the waves. They paddled her to shore, to a spot at the edge of the surf line and called for help. A few off-duty EMTs were nearby, working on remodeling a beach home, when they heard the shouts. They rushed to help, scrambling over the rocks, and when I arrived with the rescue, I could see them at the surf line performing CPR. She was packaged to a scoop, then brought up to the ambulance waiting in the parking lot and taken to the local ER. Sadly, she passed. She was in her 60s.

She was well known to the local surfing population, mainly teens and college age guys, though there are a fair amount of middle-aged men in the mix. The Cove is a territorial place for surfing, but she belonged there; she’d been surfing all of her life. She was gray haired, but slim and athletic, with very few health problems that her fellow surfers knew of. But she passed in the ocean, where she wanted to be, and among those that knew her.

*****

A week ago, I was working an extra shift with an EMT whom I’d rarely worked with. We were posting, covering the south end of the county, and waiting for the Medic 4 crew to return to service. The tones sounded, our pagers chirped, and the dispatcher told us to respond to the Sunset Beach approach for a cardiac arrest, CPR in progress. Our post was less than a mile from the beach approach, and as we pulled into the graveled parking lot, we were far ahead of the closet fire department unit of county sheriff. I told my partner to keep the ambulance on the hard pack and we drove onto the beach.

The patient was another mile from the approach and we drove past over 100 cars and trucks, parked on the beach while their owners were out clam digging. Their owner were all along the surf line, hip waders on and clam shovels in hand. We pulled up next to a red Dodge pickup with its 4-ways on and looked down towards the surf where the driver was pointing. At the edge of the breaking surf, we could see a huddle of men, performing CPR on another clammer. Working a code on the beach is a difficult chore, nothing like Baywatch. You can’t shock on wet sand, sand gets all over the equipment, there’s an audience, the wind is always blowing at you, and it’s just plain tiring to be moving back in forth in the sand. I told my partner that our only immediate priority was to get him up from the surf line and into the ambulance where we could work on him properly.

He was in his mid-sixties and had a true beer-belly. Witnesses say that he just fell face forward onto the sand—he didn’t even try to stop his fall. He had a hematoma over the bridge of the nose, and blood streaking in his eye. A retired paramedic was there, supervising other bystanders as they gave mouth-to-mouth and did compressions. I asked about history, but he was alone on the beach. No friends, no family, no wallet in his pockets, no name that we knew of.
We worked the arrest for 45 minutes on the way to the hospital. He received all 3 doses of atropine, 5 of epinephrine, 2mg of narcan, 1000ml of saline, and 50 mlEq of sodium bicarb. He had two IVs in and a combitube placed after my unsuccessful intubation attempts. We established quantitative ETCO2 monitoring and were able to adjust our CPR and other treatments accordingly. But despite all of this, he started in asystole and stayed in asystole.

After a few hours, after hard work by the state troopers, he was identified. He was from the valley, here at the beach alone for a day of clam digging. And here at the beach is where his life ended. But I like to believe that it was peaceful for him, I hope that he was doing what he wanted and had good memories before he passed.

Monday, July 21, 2008

Tragic

Last shift, I worked a 21 year cardiac arrest. It's not the youngest code I've every worked, but it's the closest in age.

The case is still under investigation, so I can't share too many details.

It was a 45 minute response for us, out to a back country highway. 45 minutes there and 45 minutes back. An hour and a half this code was run before we turned her over to the ER. The ER team continued to work for another 30 minutes, refusing to give up. But after 2 hours of CPR, defibrillation, drugs, and finally asystole, she was pronounced.

This is one I struggled with (and am still struggling with). It was the start of a 48-hour shift, after a series of shifts of codes, major medicals, and a grueling wilderness rescue. I was already psychologically exhausted and this is only fraying at my nerves.

I ran the details through my head afterwards and kicked myself for all the little things that I should have done, or things that I would have done differently. But I have to face the truth of it, she was worked for 45 minutes before I even arrived on scene--she was dead when I arrived.

The circumstances are tragic--details I can't talk about. I feel for this girl, and her family. I feel for the firemen first responders, my partner, and the ER doc and nurses. I swear the ER doctor was close to tears. I reported in my HEAR report that she was 26, only then did I look at the paper work, and do the mental math on her birthday--21. Does 5 years really matter? No. She was still far too young. Far too tragic.

Saturday, July 12, 2008

How to MacGyver an IO

Responding to a cardiac arrest a few shifts ago resulted in a peculiar problem with an IO. We were at post and the call was a block away at a small, private residence. Getting out of the unit, we could hear hysteric crying through the open front door. I instructed my Paramedic Intern to grab the airway bag and Zoll as I grabbed the house kit.

Quick stepping through the front door, the distraught daughter began rattling out a history before we could even ask. The patient, her father, an obese man in his 70s, had gone to the bathroom and had been straining during a bowel movement, when he stopped breathing. The daughter called 911 within 30 seconds and we had arrived only minutes after the arrest, he still had a shot.

Grandpa Jack was found still sitting upright on the toilet, blue as a blueberry in his face, and still with a somewhat strained expression. We heave him to the floor, trailing his oxygen bottle behind him, and drag him to the living room. Grandpa Jack is huge, over 350 pounds with a shape that isn't round, or pear, or any other body shape I've seen before. He's simply big. Puffy arms and hands told me venous access would be a problem. A wide, short neck told me airway access would also be complicated.

I directed the firemen to start CPR, my intern to get to work on an airway, and I set to work on venous access. The Zoll quickpads were applied and he was in PEA at 40. Again, I studied Grandpa Jack's arms for a workable IV site as the fire department EMT-Intermediate stuck him in the hand. The EMT turned to me right away, "I think we're gonna have to go IO on this."

"Yeah, I know." The IO package was already in my hand and I was working my way around to the patient's feet.

My company has not in-serviced our new EZ-IOs yet, so they aren't on the units. Instead, I dug around the pediatric supplies and pulled out a pediatric IO. We use a 15g Baxter IO, and really, it's designed for pediatric use, not bariatric. I've heard tales of other paramedics in my company using our ped IOs on adult patients with less than stellar results. Some have told me that the IO has even broken during insertion, but I was undaunted.

Grandpa Jack's legs were just as puffy as his arms and his tibial tuberosity was difficult to palpate on the left. I knew it was there though, so I sunk in the needle expecting to hit bone and meet resistance. Instead, I sunk the IO to its flange into fatty tissue. "No good on the left," I said, "too much fatty deposit."

His right leg is better and I can clearly palpate the site. I swab it down, then again sink the needle, immediately contacting bone. I'd never done an IO before, so this was an entirely new experience for me, and while I was a little worried about fouling it up, I started to apply pressure. Using the twisting motion and straight down pressure, I sunk the IO slowly into the tibia, finally feeling the tell-tale lack of resistance. It took easily a minute of constant pressure and twisting to get placement.

I'm in! Great! I'm thinking. Without taking my hand or eyes from the upright IO, I ask the fireman for a syringe. With my free hand, I grasp the hub of the catheter and give a pull. No give.

Maybe a little twisting action, I think. Again, grasping the hub, I twist the catheter a little left, then a little right. Come on, you bugger. No give.

Removing my trauma shears (yes, I had them with me today), I dig into the hub with the blade. Again, I pull, then twist, then pull a little more. No give.

Back a few posts, in My Pockets, I wrote about what I carry with me when I'm at work. What I left out is that I occasionally (as in maybe once a month) wear a leatherman tool on my belt in a little holster with a mini-mag light. It's a knock-off leatherman, a generic multitool with pliers, a knife, and screwdrivers among other things. And it's here, as I struggle with a stubborn IO catheter, that I wish today was that one day of the month.

"I need a leatherman. Any of you guys have a leatherman?" I look at all the firemen in the room. We're over five minutes into the arrest without IV access and I'm uncomfortable with that.

"Guys, I need pliers. Get me pliers right now." My voice had a little edge to it.

"What king of pliers?" The fire lieutenant asks me.

You've got to be kidding I'm thinking. "Needle nose or regulars, it don't matter. I just need pliers."

The LT reaches into his bunker pocket, pulling out a well used leatherman. He flips it open, and hands me the needle nose set. Grasping the hub, I pull up on the catheter and hear a very satisfying shink as the catheter slides clear of the needle. It reminded me of a kung-fu movie, the sound the katana makes as it is pulled from its scabbard. Next, the syringe is attached and marrow is aspirated. I flush the IO, push the first epi, then attach the macro lines which drips steadily and triumphantly, if a little slowly, into the patient's leg.

*****

We transport Grandpa Jack with a combitube after a failed ETT attempt. We never established a patent IV so the IO was used throughout the code. Grandpa Jack never improved from a PEA. He was turned over to the ER where they continued to work the code for another 30 minutes. I have to admit that I felt a little bit of paramedic pride. The IO set was the primary access used during the resuscitation as the ER staff was unable to obtain IV access.

The ER doc called the arrest after the staff went above and beyond in their resuscitation efforts.
EMSDailyNews.com picked up this entry and ran it on July 13th. Thanks for the plug.